Time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the enhancement of working memory.
The non-invasive methods that show the most promise- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Electric Stimulation (TES) techniques use magnetic fields and electric currents, respectively, to stimulate specific areas of the brain without surgery.
The time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory was investigated by applying anodal stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex. This single-blind, sham-controlled crossover study recruited 15 healthy participants.
A three-back verbal working-memory task was performed before, during, and 30 min after 1 mA anodal or sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS, compared with sham stimulation, significantly improved working-memory performance. Accuracy of response was significantly increased after 20 min of tDCS application, and was further enhanced after 30 min of stimulation.
This effect was maintained for 30 min after the completion of stimulation. These results suggest that tDCS at 1 mA enhances working memory in a time-dependent manner for at least 30 min in healthy participants.
Human–computer interaction (HCI) is research in the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design technologies that allow humans to interact with computers in novel ways. A device that allows interaction between human being and a computer is known as a “Human-computer Interface (HCI)
Naweed I. Syed is a Pakistani-born Canadian neuro-scientist. He is the first scientist to connect brain cells to a silicon chip, creating the world’s first neurochip.
Syed’s research is focused at cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain development and plasticity. Specifically, he studies how networks of brain cells assemble during development and modified throughout life to form the basis for learning and memory. He also investigates how various anesthetic agents affect communications between brain cells and induce cytotoxicity.
After two decades of design, experiments, redesign and observations, Dr. Naweed’s two-way brain-chip is almost ready for human trials. At first, the bionic chip will be used to manage patients with epilepsy – especially those who do not respond to any drugs present on our shelves.
Syed has written more than 130 highly cited research papers published in Nature (journal), Science (journal), Neuron (journal) and other prestigious journals and produced several dozen inventions and innovation.